腺病毒(Adenovirus)

人類腺病毒是兒童疾病常見原因。此病毒常在封閉型社區或軍隊流行。全年都可能有腺病毒的蹤跡，秋冬至初夏期間特別活躍。

Human adenovirus is a common cause of childhood illness. The virus is often found in closed communities or in the military. Adenoviruses can be found throughout the year and are particularly active in the fall, winter and early summer.

在已知類型中，只有三分之一明顯與臨床疾病有關。一般透過呼吸道和糞口途徑傳染。常見臨床症狀如下：

Of the known types, only one-third are clearly associated with clinical disease. Transmission is usually via the respiratory and fecal-oral routes. Common clinical signs are listed below:

一、呼吸道感染：鼻塞、流鼻水、喉嚨痛、發燒。
二、眼部感染：結膜炎常是自限性，無須治療。
三、腸胃道感染：大約一成兒童有腹瀉情形，多為自限性。
四、泌尿道感染：血尿、排尿困難、細菌培養結果陰性，通常於二週內消失。
 

1. Respiratory tract infections: nasal congestion, runny nose, sore throat, fever.

2. Eye infections: conjunctivitis is often self-limiting and does not require treatment.

3. Gastrointestinal infections: about 10% of children have diarrhea, which is mostly self-limiting.

4. Urinary tract infections: hematuria, dysuria, negative bacterial culture results, usually disappear within two weeks.

診斷通常基於流行病學和臨床症狀。血清培養需要數天，對早期診斷並無幫助。支持性照護為主要的治療方式。洗手有助於減少此病毒的傳播。

Diagnosis is usually based on epidemiology and clinical symptoms. Serum cultures take several days and are not useful for early diagnosis. Supportive care is the mainstay of treatment. Hand washing helps to minimize the spread of the virus.